Combination of Helicobacter pylori Antibody and Serum Pepsinogen as a Good Predictive Tool of Gastric Cancer Incidence: 20-Year Prospective Data From the Hisayama Study

J Epidemiol. 2016 Dec 5;26(12):629-636. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20150258. Epub 2016 Jun 4.

Abstract

Background: There is little information regarding whether the combination of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody and serum pepsinogen (sPG), which is a marker of the degree of atrophic gastritis, has a discriminatory ability for detecting incident gastric cancer. We examined this issue in a long-term prospective cohort study of a Japanese population.

Methods: A total of 2446 Japanese community-dwelling individuals aged ≥40 years were stratified into four groups according to baseline H. pylori serological status and sPG: Group A (H. pylori[-], sPG[-]), Group B (H. pylori[+], sPG[-]), Group C (H. pylori[+], sPG[+]), and Group D (H. pylori[-], sPG[+]), and participants were followed up prospectively for 20 years.

Results: During the follow-up, 123 subjects developed gastric cancer. Compared with that in Group A, the cumulative incidence of gastric cancer was significantly increased in Groups B, C, and D, whereas no significant difference was found between Groups C and D. The multivariable-adjusted risk of gastric cancer was significantly increased in Group B (hazard ratio [HR], 4.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-10.28) and in Groups C and D combined (HR 11.1; 95% CI, 4.45-27.46). When the multivariable model with H. pylori antibody was changed into that with the combination of H. pylori antibody and sPG, the C statistics for developing gastric cancer increased significantly (0.773 vs 0.732, P = 0.005), and the continuous net reclassification improvement value was 0.591 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the combination of H. pylori antibody and sPG is a useful tool for predicting the development of gastric cancer.

背景:: 萎縮性胃炎の程度の指標であるヘリコバクター・ピロリ(Helicobacter pyloriH.pylori)抗体価とペプシノゲン(sPG)検査を組み合わせた検査の、将来の胃癌罹患予測における有用性は、ほとんど検討されていない。そこで、わが国の地域住民を対象とした長期間の前向きコホート研究の成績を用いて、この問題について検討した。

方法:: 40歳以上の日本人地域住民2,446人を追跡開始時のH.pylori抗体陽性の有無とsPG検査の陽性の有無の組み合わせにより4群:A群(H.pylori[-] sPG[-])、B群(H.pylori[+]sPG[-])、C群(H.pylori[+]sPG[+])、D群(H.pylori[-]sPG[+])に分類し、前向きに20年間追跡した。

結果:: 追跡期間中に123人が胃癌を発症した。胃癌の累積罹患率は、A群に比べB、C、D群で有意に上昇したが、C群とD群の間に有意差は認められなかった。多変量調整後の胃癌罹患のハザード比は、B群 4.08(95%信頼区間1.62-10.28)、C+D群 11.1(95%信頼区間4.45-27.46)であった。H.pylori抗体価と胃癌の他の危険因子で構成された胃癌罹患の予測モデルをH.pylori抗体およびsPG検査の組み合わせと胃癌の他の危険因子で構成された予測モデルに変更したところ、予測モデルのC統計量は0.732から0.773と有意に上昇した(P=0.005)。また、Continuous net reclassification improvement(cNRI)も、2つの予測モデルの差が0.591と有意に胃癌罹患予測能は改善した(P<0.001)。

結論:: H.pylori抗体価とsPG検査を組み合わせて用いることは、将来の胃癌罹患リスクを予測する上で有用な手段である。

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Female
  • Helicobacter Infections / diagnosis*
  • Helicobacter pylori / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pepsinogen A / blood*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk
  • Stomach Neoplasms / epidemiology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Biomarkers
  • Pepsinogen A