Movement Synchrony Forges Social Bonds across Group Divides

Abstract

Group dynamics play an important role in the social interactions of both children and adults. A large amount of research has shown that merely being allocated to arbitrarily defined groups can evoke disproportionately positive attitudes toward one's in-group and negative attitudes toward out-groups, and that these biases emerge in early childhood. This prompts important empirical questions with far-reaching theoretical and applied significance. How robust are these inter-group biases? Can biases be mitigated by behaviors known to bond individuals and groups together? How can bonds be forged across existing group divides? To explore these questions, we examined the bonding effects of interpersonal synchrony on minimally constructed groups in a controlled experiment. In-group and out-group bonding were assessed using questionnaires administered before and after a task in which groups performed movements either synchronously or non-synchronously in a between-participants design. We also developed an implicit behavioral measure, the Island Game, in which physical proximity was used as an indirect measure of interpersonal closeness. Self-report and behavioral measures showed increased bonding between groups after synchronous movement. Bonding with the out-group was significantly higher in the condition in which movements were performed synchronously than when movements were performed non-synchronously between groups. The findings are discussed in terms of their importance for the developmental social psychology of group dynamics as well as their implications for applied intervention programs.

Keywords: children; cooperation; in-group attitudes; minimal group paradigm; movement synchrony; out-group attitudes; prosociality; social bonding.

Figure 1

Overview of the study set-up. Phase1, Phase 2, and Phase 5 took place in the Group Areas, Phase 3 in the Moves Task Area and Phase 4 in the Island Game Area.

Figure 2

Mean scores on bonding questionnaires by condition. (A) Mean difference between pre-test and post-test questionnaire responses by condition. (B) Means of the long post-test questionnaire responses, IB_long and OB_long, by condition. ^**p < 0.05.

Figure 3

Mean scores on in-group IOS and out-group IOS scales by condition. ^**p < 0.05.