Addition of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane to a high-saturated fat meal reduces the postprandial insulinaemic and inflammatory response in overweight and obese adults

Elieke Demmer; Marta D Van Loan; Nancy Rivera; Tara S Rogers; Erik R Gertz; J Bruce German; Jennifer T Smilowitz; Angela M Zivkovic

doi:10.1017/jns.2015.42

Addition of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane to a high-saturated fat meal reduces the postprandial insulinaemic and inflammatory response in overweight and obese adults

J Nutr Sci. 2016 Mar 7:5:e14. doi: 10.1017/jns.2015.42. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Elieke Demmer¹, Marta D Van Loan², Nancy Rivera¹, Tara S Rogers¹, Erik R Gertz³, J Bruce German⁴, Jennifer T Smilowitz⁴, Angela M Zivkovic⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition , University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA.
² Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
³ USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center , Davis, CA , USA.
⁴ Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
⁵ Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Abstract

Meals high in SFA, particularly palmitate, are associated with postprandial inflammation and insulin resistance. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has anti-inflammatory properties that may attenuate the negative effects of SFA-rich meals. Our objective was to examine the postprandial metabolic and inflammatory response to a high-fat meal composed of palm oil (PO) compared with PO with an added dairy fraction rich in MFGM (PO+MFGM) in overweight and obese men and women (n 36) in a randomised, double-blinded, cross-over trial. Participants consumed two isoenergetic high-fat meals composed of a smoothie enriched with PO with v. without a cream-derived complex milk lipid fraction ( dairy fraction rich in MFGM) separated by a washout of 1-2 weeks. Serum cytokines, adhesion molecules, cortisol and markers of inflammation were measured at fasting, and at 1, 3 and 6 h postprandially. Glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were analysed in plasma. Consumption of the PO + MFGM v. PO meal resulted in lower total cholesterol (P = 0·021), LDL-cholesterol (P = 0·046), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (P = 0·005) and insulin (P = 0·005) incremental AUC, and increased IL-10 (P = 0·013). Individuals with high baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (≥3 mg/l, n 17) had higher (P = 0·030) insulin at 1 h after the PO meal than individuals with CRP concentrations <3 mg/l (n 19). The addition of MFGM attenuated this difference between CRP groups. The addition of a dairy fraction rich in MFGM attenuated the negative effects of a high-SFA meal by reducing postprandial cholesterol, inflammatory markers and insulin response in overweight and obese individuals, particularly in those with elevated CRP.

Keywords: C-reactive protein; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD; Cytokines; Insulin; MFGM, milk fat globule membrane; MetS, metabolic syndrome; Milk fat globule membrane; PO, palm oil; Postprandial inflammation; Saturated fat; iAUC, incremental AUC; sICAM, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule.