Quantitative EEG Neurometric Analysis-Guided Neurofeedback Treatment in Postconcussion Syndrome (PCS): Forty Cases. How Is Neurometric Analysis Important for the Treatment of PCS and as a Biomarker?

Clin EEG Neurosci. 2017 May;48(3):217-230. doi: 10.1177/1550059416654849. Epub 2016 Jun 27.

Abstract

Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) has been used to describe a range of residual symptoms that persist 12 months or more after the injury, often despite a lack of evidence of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. In this clinical case series, the efficacy of quantitative EEG-guided neurofeedback in 40 subjects diagnosed with PCS was investigated. Overall improvement was seen in all the primary (Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire, Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale) and secondary measures (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Test of Variables for Attention). The Neuroguide Traumatic Brain Index for the group also showed a decrease. Thirty-nine subjects were followed up long term with an average follow-up length of 3.1 years (CI = 2.7-3.3). All but 2 subjects were stable and were off medication. Overall neurofeedback treatment was shown to be effective in this group of subjects studied.

Keywords: EEG biofeedback; QEEG; TBI; Traumatic Brain Index; neurofeedback; neurometric analysis; postconcussion syndrome (PCS); traumatic brain injury.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Brain / physiopathology*
  • Electroencephalography* / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Neurofeedback / physiology*
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Post-Concussion Syndrome / physiopathology*
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers