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Review
. 2016 Jun 9:10:261.
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00261. eCollection 2016.

Cortical Signal Analysis and Advances in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signal: A Review

Muhammad A Kamran  1 , Malik M Naeem Mannan  1 , Myung Yung Jeong  1
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Review

Cortical Signal Analysis and Advances in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signal: A Review

Muhammad A Kamran et al. Front Hum Neurosci. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging modality that measures the concentration changes of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and de-oxy hemoglobin (HbR) at the same time. It is an emerging cortical imaging modality with a good temporal resolution that is acceptable for brain-computer interface applications. Researchers have developed several methods in last two decades to extract the neuronal activation related waveform from the observed fNIRS time series. But still there is no standard method for analysis of fNIRS data. This article presents a brief review of existing methodologies to model and analyze the activation signal. The purpose of this review article is to give a general overview of variety of existing methodologies to extract useful information from measured fNIRS data including pre-processing steps, effects of differential path length factor (DPF), variations and attributes of hemodynamic response function (HRF), extraction of evoked response, removal of physiological noises, instrumentation, and environmental noises and resting/activation state functional connectivity. Finally, the challenges in the analysis of fNIRS signal are summarized.

Keywords: differential path length factor; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; hemodynamic response model; physiological noises; resting-state functional connectivity.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stages of fNIRS signal analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The geometry of fNIRS signal acquisition.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Canonical hemodynamic response function (cHRF).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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