The purpose of the study was to determine whether valid measures of segment inertial properties can be generated from a series of cross-sectional tissue scans using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The cross-sectional images for eight baboon cadaver segments (four forearms, two upper arms, and two lower legs) were digitized to yield areas of muscle, bone, and fat tissues. These data, along with tissue density values, were used for calculations of segment volume (V), density (D), mass (M), center of mass location (CM), and moment of inertia (Icm) about a transverse axis through the segment center of mass. Criterion measures of these properties were obtained using standard experimental techniques. Close agreement was found between criterion and MRI values for mean segment CM (44.67 vs. 43.36% from proximal end, respectively) while mean segment D was the same (1.124 g.cm-3) for both methods. MRI procedures tended to overestimate segment V(595.3 vs. 633.4 cm3), M(720.0 vs. 769.9 g), and Icm (3.208 vs. 3.332 x 10(-3) kg.m2). It was concluded that MRI represents a promising technique for generating valid measures of segment inertial characteristics as well as other anatomical features.