Dissecting major signaling pathways in prostate cancer development and progression: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2017 Feb:166:16-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Jul 30.

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and leading cause of cancer mortality in men. At the initial stages, prostate cancer is dependent upon androgens for their growth and hence effectively combated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, most patients eventually recur with an androgen deprivation-resistant phenotype, referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a more aggressive form for which there is no effective therapy presently available. The current review is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signaling pathways implicated in prostate cancer development and castration-resistance, besides addressing therapeutic strategies that targets the key signaling mechanisms.

Keywords: Androgen; Castration resistant prostate cancer; Prostate cancer; Signaling pathways.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Androgens / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Disease Progression
  • Humans
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System
  • Male
  • Mice
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Phenotype
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / drug therapy
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / genetics*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / metabolism
  • RANK Ligand / metabolism
  • Receptors, Androgen / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction*
  • Taxoids / therapeutic use
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • Androgens
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • NF-kappa B
  • RANK Ligand
  • Receptors, Androgen
  • TCF20 protein, human
  • Taxoids
  • Transcription Factors
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases