Examination of the gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, revealed that: (1) the medulla is about 6 times thicker than the cortex; (2) juxtamedullary glomeruli have a mean diameter 1.3 times greater than that of cortical glomeruli; (3) juxtamedullary glomeruli have 1.7 times as much volume as cortical glomeruli; (4) there are about twice as many cortical glomeruli as juxtamedullary glomeruli per square millimeter of cortical tissue, and (5) the vasa recta are closely juxtaposed to the thin loops of Henle in the outer medulla. Many of these results suggest an enhanced urine-concentrating ability in this species.