Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Added to Insulin Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes: The ADJUNCT ONE Treat-To-Target Randomized Trial

Diabetes Care. 2016 Oct;39(10):1702-10. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0691. Epub 2016 Aug 9.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether liraglutide added to treat-to-target insulin improves glycemic control and reduces insulin requirements and body weight in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Research design and methods: A 52-week, double-blind, treat-to-target trial involving 1,398 adults randomized 3:1 to receive once-daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide (1.8, 1.2, or 0.6 mg) or placebo added to insulin.

Results: HbA1c level was reduced 0.34-0.54% (3.7-5.9 mmol/mol) from a mean baseline of 8.2% (66 mmol/mol), and significantly more for liraglutide 1.8 and 1.2 mg compared with placebo (estimated treatment differences [ETDs]: 1.8 mg liraglutide -0.20% [95% CI -0.32; -0.07]; 1.2 mg liraglutide -0.15% [95% CI -0.27; -0.03]; 0.6 mg liraglutide -0.09% [95% CI -0.21; 0.03]). Insulin doses were reduced by the addition of liraglutide 1.8 and 1.2 mg versus placebo (estimated treatment ratios: 1.8 mg liraglutide 0.92 [95% CI 0.88; 0.96]; 1.2 mg liraglutide 0.95 [95% CI 0.91; 0.99]; 0.6 mg liraglutide 1.00 [95% CI 0.96; 1.04]). Mean body weight was significantly reduced in all liraglutide groups compared with placebo ETDs (1.8 mg liraglutide -4.9 kg [95% CI -5.7; -4.2]; 1.2 mg liraglutide -3.6 kg [95% CI -4.3; -2.8]; 0.6 mg liraglutide -2.2 kg [95% CI -2.9; -1.5]). The rate of symptomatic hypoglycemia increased in all liraglutide groups (estimated rate ratios: 1.8 mg liraglutide 1.31 [95% CI 1.07; 1.59]; 1.2 mg liraglutide 1.27 [95% CI 1.03; 1.55]; 0.6 mg liraglutide 1.17 [95% CI 0.97; 1.43]), and hyperglycemia with ketosis increased significantly for liraglutide 1.8 mg only (event rate ratio 2.22 [95% CI 1.13; 4.34]).

Conclusions: Liraglutide added to insulin therapy reduced HbA1c levels, total insulin dose, and body weight in a population that was generally representative of subjects with type 1 diabetes, accompanied by increased rates of symptomatic hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia with ketosis, thereby limiting clinical use in this group.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01836523.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase III
  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / drug therapy*
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Injections, Subcutaneous
  • Insulin / administration & dosage
  • Liraglutide / administration & dosage*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin
  • Liraglutide

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01836523