Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Fabricated by Environment-Friendly Chemistry

doi:10.1186/s11671-016-1568-5

. 2016 Dec;11(1):357.

doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1568-5. Epub 2016 Aug 9.

Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Fabricated by Environment-Friendly Chemistry

Kirill A Gonchar^{1

2}, Alsu A Zubairova³, Alexander Schleusener⁴, Liubov A Osminkina^{3

5}, Vladimir Sivakov⁶

Affiliations

¹ Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia. k.a.gonchar@gmail.com.
² Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia. k.a.gonchar@gmail.com.
³ Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
⁴ Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
⁵ National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe sh., 115409, Moscow, Russia.
⁶ Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany. vladimir.sivakov@leibniz-ipht.de.

PMID: 27506530
PMCID: PMC4978653
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1568-5

Free PMC article

Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Fabricated by Environment-Friendly Chemistry

Kirill A Gonchar et al. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016 Dec.

Free PMC article

. 2016 Dec;11(1):357.

doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1568-5. Epub 2016 Aug 9.

Authors

Kirill A Gonchar^{1

2}, Alsu A Zubairova³, Alexander Schleusener⁴, Liubov A Osminkina^{3

5}, Vladimir Sivakov⁶

Affiliations

¹ Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia. k.a.gonchar@gmail.com.
² Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia. k.a.gonchar@gmail.com.
³ Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
⁴ Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
⁵ National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe sh., 115409, Moscow, Russia.
⁶ Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany. vladimir.sivakov@leibniz-ipht.de.

PMID: 27506530
PMCID: PMC4978653
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1568-5

Abstract

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) where hydrofluoric acid (HF), which is typically used in this method, was changed into ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The structure and optical properties of the obtained SiNWs were investigated in details. The length of the SiNW arrays is about 2 μm for 5 min of etching, and the mean diameter of the SiNWs is between 50 and 200 nm. The formed SiNWs demonstrate a strong decrease of the total reflectance near 5-15 % in the spectral region λ < 1 μm in comparison to crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrate. The interband photoluminescence (PL) and Raman scattering intensities increase strongly for SiNWs in comparison with the corresponding values of the c-Si substrate. These effects can be interpreted as an increase of the excitation intensity of SiNWs due to the strong light scattering and the partial light localization in an inhomogeneous optical medium. Along with the interband PL was also detected the PL of SiNWs in the spectral region of 500-1100 nm with a maximum at 750 nm, which can be explained by the radiative recombination of excitons in small Si nanocrystals at nanowire sidewalls in terms of a quantum confinement model. So SiNWs, which are fabricated by environment-friendly chemistry, have a great potential for use in photovoltaic and photonics applications.

Keywords: Environment-friendly chemistry; Photoluminescence; Raman scattering; Silicon nanowires; Total reflectance.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Typical TEM and SEM micrographs of SiNWs. a Schematic step-by-step representation of SiNWs preparation method. b TEM micrograph of a single SiNW. c SEM cross-sectional micrograph of SiNWs. d SEM micrograph of SiNWs (view from above)

**Fig. 2**
Total reflectance spectra. Total reflectance spectra of c-Si (*black curve*) and SiNWs (*red curve*)

**Fig. 3**
Interband photoluminescence and Raman spectra. Interband photoluminescence (broadband) and Raman spectra (sharp peak at 520 cm⁻¹) of c-Si (*black curve*) and SiNWs (*red curve*)

**Fig. 4**
Photoluminescence spectra. PL in the spectral region of 500–1100 nm of SiNWs

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References

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[1] Yang P, Yan R, Fardy M. Semiconductor nanowire: what’s next? Nano Lett. 2010;10:1529–1536. doi: 10.1021/nl100665r. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Yang P, Yan R, Fardy M. Semiconductor nanowire: what’s next? Nano Lett. 2010;10:1529–1536. doi: 10.1021/nl100665r. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Föll H, Hartz H, Ossei-Wusu E, Carstensen J, Riemenschneider O. Si nanowire arrays as anodes in Li ion batteries. Phys Status Solidi RRL. 2010;4(1,2):4–6. doi: 10.1002/pssr.200903344. - DOI

[4] Föll H, Hartz H, Ossei-Wusu E, Carstensen J, Riemenschneider O. Si nanowire arrays as anodes in Li ion batteries. Phys Status Solidi RRL. 2010;4(1,2):4–6. doi: 10.1002/pssr.200903344. - DOI

[5] Bronstrup G, Jahr N, Leiterer C, Csaki A, Fritzsche W, Christiansen S. Optical properties of individual silicon nanowires for photonic devices. ACS Nano. 2010;4(12):7113–7122. doi: 10.1021/nn101076t. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Bronstrup G, Jahr N, Leiterer C, Csaki A, Fritzsche W, Christiansen S. Optical properties of individual silicon nanowires for photonic devices. ACS Nano. 2010;4(12):7113–7122. doi: 10.1021/nn101076t. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Kelzenberg MD, Turner-Evans DB, Kayes BM, Filler MA, Putnam MC, Lewis NS, Atwater HA. Photovoltaic measurements in single-nanowire silicon solar cells. Nano Lett. 2008;8:710–714. doi: 10.1021/nl072622p. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Kelzenberg MD, Turner-Evans DB, Kayes BM, Filler MA, Putnam MC, Lewis NS, Atwater HA. Photovoltaic measurements in single-nanowire silicon solar cells. Nano Lett. 2008;8:710–714. doi: 10.1021/nl072622p. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Sivakov V, Andrä G, Gawlik A, Berger A, Plentz J, Falk F, Christiansen SH. Silicon nanowire-based solar cells on glass: synthesis, optical properties, and cell parameters. Nano Lett. 2009;9:1549–1554. doi: 10.1021/nl803641f. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Sivakov V, Andrä G, Gawlik A, Berger A, Plentz J, Falk F, Christiansen SH. Silicon nanowire-based solar cells on glass: synthesis, optical properties, and cell parameters. Nano Lett. 2009;9:1549–1554. doi: 10.1021/nl803641f. - DOI - PubMed

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Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Fabricated by Environment-Friendly Chemistry

Affiliations

Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Fabricated by Environment-Friendly Chemistry

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