Enhancement of active MMP release and invasive activity of lymph node metastatic tongue cancer cells by elevated signaling via the TNF-α-TNFR1-NF-κB pathway and a possible involvement of angiopoietin-like 4 in lung metastasis

Int J Oncol. 2016 Oct;49(4):1377-84. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3653. Epub 2016 Aug 10.

Abstract

To study the role of TNF-α in tongue cancer metastasis, we made highly metastatic cells from a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SAS) by repeating the passage in which the cells were injected into a nude mouse tongue and harvested from metastasized cervical lymph nodes. Cancer cells after 5 passages (GSAS/N5) increased invasive activity 7-fold in a TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1)-dependent manner and enhanced mRNA expression of TNF-α and TNFR1. In the highly metastatic cells, NF-κB activation was upregulated via elevated phosphorylation of Akt and Ikkα/β in the signaling pathway and secretion of TNF-α, active MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased. Suppression of increase of TNF-α mRNA expression and MMP secretion by NF-κB inhibitor NBD peptide suggested a positive feedback loop in GSAS/N5 cells; TNF-α activates NF-κB and activated NF-κB induces further TNF-α secretion, leading to increase of active MMP release and promotion of invasion and metastasis of the cells. GSAS/N5 cells that had been injected into the nude mouse tongue and harvested from metastasized lungs multiplied angiopoietin-like 4 (angptl4) expression with enhanced migration activity, which indicated a possible involvement of angptl4 in lung metastasis of the cells. These results suggest that TNF-α and angptl4 promote metastasis of the oral cancer cells, thus, these molecules may be therapeutic targets for patients with tongue cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Angiopoietin-Like Protein 1
  • Angiopoietin-like Proteins
  • Angiopoietins / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / genetics
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Nude
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / genetics*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tongue Neoplasms / genetics
  • Tongue Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Tongue Neoplasms / pathology
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • ANGPTL1 protein, human
  • Angiopoietin-Like Protein 1
  • Angiopoietin-like Proteins
  • Angiopoietins
  • NF-kappa B
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
  • TNF protein, human
  • TNFRSF1A protein, human
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted
  • MMP2 protein, human
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
  • MMP9 protein, human
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9