Independence and health related quality of life in 200 onco-geriatric surgical patients within 6 months of follow-up: Who is at risk to lose?

Abstract

Aims: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) provides information on aspects of older patients to predict risks and benefits of interventions.

Methods: To evaluate the application of CGA (including quality of life (QOL)) for the risk prediction of postoperative dependence and QOL in elderly patients with malignant tumours, a prospective observational study including 200 patients >70 years was performed. The primary outcome was postoperative activities of daily living (ADL < 95), secondary outcome was QOL at 6 months. Multivariate regression was performed to assess the impact of associated factors (socio-demographic, clinical, functional, cognitive variables, resilience, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 QOL).

Results: Median age of patients was 75 (70-88) years with 69% males. The majority of operations was for colon carcinoma; morbidity was 24.8%, mortality 1.5%. Impairment in ADL (<95) affected 6.7% (13/195) pre-, and 9.7% (12/124) post-operatively. Analyzing factors predicting loss of ADL, the following reached significance: BMI (OR: 1.7; p = 0.019), ADL (OR: 0.67; p = 0.0317), and of the QLQ-C30: diarrhea (OR: 1.04; p = 0.013), emotional functioning (OR: 0.91; p = 0.0242), physical functioning (OR: 0.92; p = 0.027). QOL paralleled ADL (pre-op: 65.4 to 67 postoperatively, respectively); predictive were: Karnofsky Index (Parameter Estimate (PE): 0.55; p = 0.0003) and (QLQ-C30) emotional functioning (PE: 0.14; p = 0.0208).

Conclusions: Those considered for oncologic surgery can be assured that few lose independence. CGA/QOL highlight signs of vulnerability and options for pre-habilitation. Registries including a minimal CGA data set will make pre-selections reproducible and objectify risk/benefit estimations - relevant for those withheld from potentially curative surgery.

Keywords: Cancer; Geriatric assessment; Quality of life; Surgery.