Broadband Photoreceptors Are Involved in Violet Light Preference in the Parasitoid Fly Exorista Japonica

PLoS One. 2016 Aug 17;11(8):e0160441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160441. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Phototaxis has been described in many insects, which are often attracted to specific wavelengths of light. However, little is known about phototaxis in parasitoid insect species that are potentially useful for integrated pest management. In this study, we investigated the wavelength dependency of the phototactic behavior of the parasitoid fly Exorista japonica and its possible mechanism. Multiple-choice tests with six monochromatic stimuli revealed that the flies were specifically attracted to violet light peaking at 405 nm, which was unexpected because insects are generally attracted to ultraviolet or green light. We measured the spectral sensitivity of the compound eye, and found that the sensitivity peaked at 340 nm, as in other brachyceran flies. We used statistical modeling and optimization of the process parameters to predict the type of photoreceptor contributing to the violet preference. The analysis revealed that the wavelength preference could be explained by linear models of the quanta received by photoreceptors, including the R1-6 broadband receptors. The broadband receptors appear to contribute positively, whereas the R7-8 narrowband receptors contribute negatively to achieve the violet preference; i.e., spectral opponency might be involved.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Color
  • Diptera / physiology*
  • Electroretinography
  • Female
  • Light
  • Male
  • Models, Biological
  • Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / physiology*
  • Phototaxis / physiology
  • Ultraviolet Rays

Grants and funding

This study was partially supported by the Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), “Technologies for creating next-generation agriculture, forestry, and fisheries” (funding agency: Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO) and by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 25660268 and 16K14868 to MS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.