Modeling and compensation of temperature drift is an important method for improving the precision of fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs). In this paper, a new method of modeling and compensation for FOGs based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms is proposed. The convergence speed and reliability of PSO are improved by introducing a dynamic inertia factor. The regression accuracy of SVM is improved by introducing a combined kernel function with four parameters and piecewise regression with fixed steps. The steps are as follows. First, the parameters of the combined kernel functions are optimized by the improved PSO algorithm. Second, the proposed kernel function of SVM is used to carry out piecewise regression, and the regression model is also obtained. Third, the temperature drift is compensated for by the regression data. The regression accuracy of the proposed method (in the case of mean square percentage error indicators) increased by 83.81% compared to the traditional SVM.