Calorie restriction in humans: An update

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005

Review

. 2017 Oct:39:36-45.

doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 17.

Calorie restriction in humans: An update

Jasper Most¹, Valeria Tosti², Leanne M Redman³, Luigi Fontana⁴

Affiliations

¹ Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
² Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
³ Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. Electronic address: leanne.redman@pbrc.edu.
⁴ Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University Medical School, Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: lfontana@wustl.edu.

PMID: 27544442
PMCID: PMC5315691
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005

Review

Calorie restriction in humans: An update

Jasper Most et al. Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Oct.

. 2017 Oct:39:36-45.

doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 17.

Authors

Jasper Most¹, Valeria Tosti², Leanne M Redman³, Luigi Fontana⁴

Affiliations

¹ Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
² Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
³ Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. Electronic address: leanne.redman@pbrc.edu.
⁴ Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University Medical School, Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: lfontana@wustl.edu.

PMID: 27544442
PMCID: PMC5315691
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005

Abstract

Calorie restriction (CR), a nutritional intervention of reduced energy intake but with adequate nutrition, has been shown to extend healthspan and lifespan in rodent and primate models. Accumulating data from observational and randomized clinical trials indicate that CR in humans results in some of the same metabolic and molecular adaptations that have been shown to improve health and retard the accumulation of molecular damage in animal models of longevity. In particular, moderate CR in humans ameliorates multiple metabolic and hormonal factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, the leading causes of morbidity, disability and mortality. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of CR in non-obese humans on these physiological parameters. Special emphasis is committed to recent clinical intervention trials that have investigated the feasibility and effects of CR in young and middle-aged men and women on parameters of energy metabolism and metabolic risk factors of age-associated disease in great detail. Additionally, data from individuals who are either naturally exposed to CR or those who are self-practicing this dietary intervention allows us to speculate on longer-term effects of more severe CR in humans.

Keywords: Age-associated diseases; Aging; CALERIE; Calorie restriction; Energy metabolism; Metabolic adaptation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interest

No conflict of interest has to be disclosed.

Figures

**Fig.1**
A proposed hierarchical model for the effects of calorie restriction on health and longevity

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References

1. Ahmed T, Das SK, Golden JK, Saltzman E, Roberts SB, Meydani SN. Calorie restriction enhances T-cell-mediated immune response in adult overweight men and women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009;64:1107–1113. - PMC - PubMed
1. Anand SS, Yi Q, Gerstein H, Lonn E, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Teo K, Davis B, Montague P, Yusuf S. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003;108:420–425. - PubMed
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1. Bureau of Agricultural Economics, U.S. Supplement for 1949 to Consumption of food in the United States, 1909–48. In: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, B.o.A.E., editor. Miscellaneous publication (United States. Dept. of Agriculture) Washington, D.C.: 1950. p. 52.
1. Cangemi R, Friedmann AJ, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex-hormone concentrations in men. Aging Cell. 2010;9:236–242. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Ahmed T, Das SK, Golden JK, Saltzman E, Roberts SB, Meydani SN. Calorie restriction enhances T-cell-mediated immune response in adult overweight men and women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009;64:1107–1113. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Ahmed T, Das SK, Golden JK, Saltzman E, Roberts SB, Meydani SN. Calorie restriction enhances T-cell-mediated immune response in adult overweight men and women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009;64:1107–1113. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Anand SS, Yi Q, Gerstein H, Lonn E, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Teo K, Davis B, Montague P, Yusuf S. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003;108:420–425. - PubMed

[4] Anand SS, Yi Q, Gerstein H, Lonn E, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Teo K, Davis B, Montague P, Yusuf S. Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003;108:420–425. - PubMed

[5] Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356–362. - PubMed

[6] Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356–362. - PubMed

[7] Bureau of Agricultural Economics, U.S. Supplement for 1949 to Consumption of food in the United States, 1909–48. In: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, B.o.A.E., editor. Miscellaneous publication (United States. Dept. of Agriculture) Washington, D.C.: 1950. p. 52.

[8] Bureau of Agricultural Economics, U.S. Supplement for 1949 to Consumption of food in the United States, 1909–48. In: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, B.o.A.E., editor. Miscellaneous publication (United States. Dept. of Agriculture) Washington, D.C.: 1950. p. 52.

[9] Cangemi R, Friedmann AJ, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex-hormone concentrations in men. Aging Cell. 2010;9:236–242. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Cangemi R, Friedmann AJ, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex-hormone concentrations in men. Aging Cell. 2010;9:236–242. - PMC - PubMed

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Calorie restriction in humans: An update

Affiliations

Calorie restriction in humans: An update

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Conflict of interest statement

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