Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility

doi:10.1155/2016/4612306

Review

. 2016:2016:4612306.

doi: 10.1155/2016/4612306. Epub 2016 Jul 31.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility

Maurizio Vitti¹, Giovanna Di Emidio¹, Michela Di Carlo¹, Gaspare Carta², Andrea Antonosante¹, Paolo Giovanni Artini³, Annamaria Cimini⁴, Carla Tatone², Elisabetta Benedetti¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
² Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Gynecology and Fertility Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
³ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁴ Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy.

PMID: 27559343
PMCID: PMC4983391
DOI: 10.1155/2016/4612306

Free PMC article

Review

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility

Maurizio Vitti et al. PPAR Res. 2016.

Free PMC article

. 2016:2016:4612306.

doi: 10.1155/2016/4612306. Epub 2016 Jul 31.

Authors

Maurizio Vitti¹, Giovanna Di Emidio¹, Michela Di Carlo¹, Gaspare Carta², Andrea Antonosante¹, Paolo Giovanni Artini³, Annamaria Cimini⁴, Carla Tatone², Elisabetta Benedetti¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
² Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Gynecology and Fertility Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
³ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁴ Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy.

PMID: 27559343
PMCID: PMC4983391
DOI: 10.1155/2016/4612306

Abstract

Reproductive functions may be altered by the exposure to a multitude of endogenous and exogenous agents, drug or environmental pollutants, which are known to affect gene transcription through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation. PPARs act as ligand activated transcription factors and regulate metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and cell proliferation and differentiation. All PPARs isotypes are expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are strictly involved in reproductive functions. Since female fertility and energy metabolism are tightly interconnected, the research on female infertility points towards the exploration of potential PPARs activating/antagonizing compounds, mainly belonging to the class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and fibrates, as useful agents for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in women with ovarian dysfunctions. In the present review, we discuss the recent evidence about PPARs expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and their involvement in female reproduction. Finally, the therapeutic potential of their manipulation through several drugs is also discussed.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
PPARs expression and role in the whole female reproductive system.

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References

1. Huang J.-C. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the development and physiology of gametes and preimplantation embryos. PPAR Research. 2008;2008:7. doi: 10.1155/2008/732303.732303 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Forman B. M., Tontonoz P., Chen J., Brun R. P., Spiegelman B. M., Evans R. M. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ . Cell. 1995;83(5):803–812. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90193-0. - DOI - PubMed
1. Forman B. M., Chen J., Evans R. M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997;94(9):4312–4317. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4312. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Kliewer S. A., Lenhard J. M., Willson T. M., Patel I., Morris D. C., Lehmann J. M. A prostaglandin J 2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Cell. 1995;83(5):813–819. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90194-9. - DOI - PubMed
1. Krey G., Braissant O., L'Horset F., et al. Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay. Molecular Endocrinology. 1997;11(6):779–791. doi: 10.1210/me.11.6.779. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Huang J.-C. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the development and physiology of gametes and preimplantation embryos. PPAR Research. 2008;2008:7. doi: 10.1155/2008/732303.732303 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Huang J.-C. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the development and physiology of gametes and preimplantation embryos. PPAR Research. 2008;2008:7. doi: 10.1155/2008/732303.732303 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Forman B. M., Tontonoz P., Chen J., Brun R. P., Spiegelman B. M., Evans R. M. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ . Cell. 1995;83(5):803–812. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90193-0. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Forman B. M., Tontonoz P., Chen J., Brun R. P., Spiegelman B. M., Evans R. M. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ . Cell. 1995;83(5):803–812. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90193-0. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Forman B. M., Chen J., Evans R. M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997;94(9):4312–4317. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4312. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Forman B. M., Chen J., Evans R. M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997;94(9):4312–4317. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4312. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Kliewer S. A., Lenhard J. M., Willson T. M., Patel I., Morris D. C., Lehmann J. M. A prostaglandin J 2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Cell. 1995;83(5):813–819. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90194-9. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Kliewer S. A., Lenhard J. M., Willson T. M., Patel I., Morris D. C., Lehmann J. M. A prostaglandin J 2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Cell. 1995;83(5):813–819. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90194-9. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Krey G., Braissant O., L'Horset F., et al. Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay. Molecular Endocrinology. 1997;11(6):779–791. doi: 10.1210/me.11.6.779. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Krey G., Braissant O., L'Horset F., et al. Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay. Molecular Endocrinology. 1997;11(6):779–791. doi: 10.1210/me.11.6.779. - DOI - PubMed

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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility

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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility

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