Genomic Analyses of Cladophialophora bantiana, a Major Cause of Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Provides Insight into Its Lifestyle, Virulence and Adaption in Host

PLoS One. 2016 Aug 29;11(8):e0161008. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161008. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous fungus with a predilection for causing central nervous system (CNS) infection manifesting as brain abscess in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. In this paper, we report comprehensive genomic analyses of C. bantiana isolated from the brain abscess of an immunocompetent man, the first reported case in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The identity of the fungus was determined using combined morphological analysis and multilocus phylogeny. The draft genome sequence of a neurotrophic fungus, C. bantiana UM 956 was generated using Illumina sequencing technology to dissect its genetic fundamental and basic biology. The assembled 37.1 Mb genome encodes 12,155 putative coding genes, of which, 1.01% are predicted transposable elements. Its genomic features support its saprophytic lifestyle, renowned for its versatility in decomposing hemicellulose and pectin components. The C. bantiana UM 956 was also found to carry some important putative genes that engaged in pathogenicity, iron uptake and homeostasis as well as adaptation to various stresses to enable the organism to survive in hostile microenvironment. This wealth of resource will further catalyse more downstream functional studies to provide better understanding on how this fungus can be a successful and persistent pathogen in human.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ascomycota / classification
  • Ascomycota / genetics
  • Ascomycota / pathogenicity*
  • Brain Abscess / microbiology
  • Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / microbiology
  • Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis / diagnosis*
  • Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis / metabolism
  • Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis / microbiology*
  • Genome, Fungal / genetics
  • Genomics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phylogeny
  • Virulence / genetics
  • Virulence / physiology

Grants and funding

This study was supported by High Impact Research MoE Grant UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/MED/31 (Account no. H-20001-00-E000070) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Codon Genomics SB provided support in the form of salaries for authors KWL, CCH, and WYY, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.