Neuroimmunology of Huntington's Disease: Revisiting Evidence from Human Studies

Mediators Inflamm. 2016:2016:8653132. doi: 10.1155/2016/8653132. Epub 2016 Aug 8.

Abstract

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of neurons in the striatum and cortex, which leads to progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disorders. Although the cause of HD is well described-HD is a genetic disorder caused by a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat expansion in the gene encoding for huntingtin (HTT) on chromosome 4p16.3-the ultimate cause of neuronal death is still uncertain. Apart from impairment in systems for handling abnormal proteins, other metabolic pathways and mechanisms might contribute to neurodegeneration and progression of HD. Among these, inflammation seems to play a role in HD pathogenesis. The current review summarizes the available evidence about immune and/or inflammatory changes in HD. HD is associated with increased inflammatory mediators in both the central nervous system and periphery. Accordingly, there have been some attempts to slow HD progression targeting the immune system.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Central Nervous System / drug effects
  • Central Nervous System / immunology
  • Central Nervous System / metabolism
  • Central Nervous System / pathology
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Huntington Disease / drug therapy
  • Huntington Disease / immunology*
  • Huntington Disease / metabolism*
  • Huntington Disease / pathology
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / immunology*
  • Inflammation / metabolism*
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Peripheral Nervous System / drug effects
  • Peripheral Nervous System / immunology
  • Peripheral Nervous System / metabolism
  • Peripheral Nervous System / pathology

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Cytokines