Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus according to IADPSG and NICE criteria

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the impact of the International Association of Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes as compared with the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria, and to evaluate the prevalence of maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant women with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels of 5.1-5.5 mmol/L.

Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken of data for women who underwent a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-32 weeks of a singleton pregnancy at a center in Croatia between January 2012 and December 2014.

Results: Among 4646 included women, 1074 (23.1%) had GDM according to IADPSG criteria, 826 (17.8%) would be diagnosed according to NICE criteria, and 50 (1.1%) had overt diabetes. FPG levels were 5.1-5.5 mmol/L for 409 (8.8%) women. Compared with a control group (n=3391), these women had higher odds of large-for-gestational-age newborns (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 2.0-4.6) and cesarean delivery (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.3).

Conclusion: Women with FPG levels of 5.1-5.5 mmol/L have an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome, although they would not be diagnosed with GDM according to NICE criteria.

Keywords: Fetal morbidity; Gestational diabetes mellitus, IADPSG criteria; Maternal morbidity; NICE criteria.