The feasibility of robotic surgery has been extensively explored over the past decade with a more recent shift towards defining focused clinical applications for which quantifiable patient benefits can be directly attributed to its use. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the use of daVinci robotic surgery for the management of rectal cancer and identify the potential benefits, if any, that robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision (RTME) may provide over the current conventional approach. A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify relevant evidence in order to explore the oncological, operative and functional outcome measures for the RTME in addition to quantifying the level of evidence which describes the clinical effectiveness of the daVinci robot in oncological surgery. Both robotic assisted techniques and the primary outcomes are discussed. In total, 23 studies were reviewed across 11 institutions, including one pilot randomised control trial. When data repetition is disregarded, a total of 452 robotic assisted laparoscopic anterior resections and 60 robotic-assisted laparoscopic abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum have been published since the introduction of the daVinci into clinical practice. Feasibility of the daVinci robotic assisted total mesorectal excision is demonstrated, with comparable oncological outcomes presented for rectal cancer excision. A demonstration of a reduced open conversion rate as well as of reduced hospital stay with the use of the robot is highlighted, although further trials are required to confirm both these findings. No functional benefit in using the daVinci could be confirmed due to the lack of focused trials in this area.
Keywords: Rectal cancer; Robotic TME; Robotic assisted colorectal surgery; Robotic surgery; Robotics.