Establishment of Epithelial Attachment on Titanium Surface Coated with Platelet Activating Peptide

PLoS One. 2016 Oct 14;11(10):e0164693. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164693. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to produce epithelial attachment on a typical implant abutment surface of smooth titanium. A challenging complication that hinders the success of dental implants is peri-implantitis. A common cause of peri-implantitis may results from the lack of epithelial sealing at the peri-implant collar. Histologically, epithelial sealing is recognized as the attachment of the basement membrane (BM). BM-attachment is promoted by activated platelet aggregates at surgical wound sites. On the other hand, platelets did not aggregate on smooth titanium, the surface typical of the implant abutment. We then hypothesized that epithelial BM-attachment was produced when titanium surface was modified to allow platelet aggregation. Titanium surfaces were coated with a protease activated receptor 4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP). PAR4-AP coating yielded rapid aggregation of platelets on the titanium surface. Platelet aggregates released robust amount of epithelial chemoattractants (IGF-I, TGF-β) and growth factors (EGF, VEGF) on the titanium surface. Human gingival epithelial cells, when they were co-cultured on the platelet aggregates, successfully attached to the PAR4-AP coated titanium surface with spread laminin5 positive BM and consecutive staining of the epithelial tight junction component ZO1, indicating the formation of complete epithelial sheet. These in-vitro results indicate the establishment of epithelial BM-attachment to the titanium surface.

MeSH terms

  • Blood Platelets / cytology
  • Blood Platelets / metabolism
  • Cell Adhesion / drug effects
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible / pharmacology
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dental Implants
  • Epithelial Cells / cytology
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism
  • Epithelial Cells / ultrastructure
  • Gingiva / cytology
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Kalinin
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Peptides / chemistry*
  • Platelet Activation / drug effects
  • Platelet Aggregation / drug effects
  • Receptors, Thrombin / chemistry
  • Receptors, Thrombin / metabolism*
  • Surface Properties
  • Titanium / chemistry*
  • Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible
  • Cytokines
  • Dental Implants
  • Peptides
  • Receptors, Thrombin
  • Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
  • Titanium
  • protease-activated receptor 4

Grants and funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.