Background and objectives: We hypothesized that patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) with a longer time since their inciting event would demonstrate more symptoms of centralized pain.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 160 patients with CRPS using validated measures of pain, negative mood, and functioning at the time of their new patient evaluation. The 2011 Fibromyalgia Survey Criteria is a validated self-report measure of widespread body pain and comorbid symptoms (eg, trouble thinking, headaches). The measure was used as a surrogate for centralized pain symptoms. Univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between patient characteristics and the duration of CRPS.
Results: The cohort was divided into tertiles based on the time since the inciting event (<12 months; 1-3 years; >3 years) for univariate comparisons. Unlike the other measures of pain, mood, and function, the fibromyalgia survey score was significantly associated with a longer duration of symptoms. In a multivariate model adjusting for age and sex, each year since the inciting event was associated with an increase of 0.28 in fibromyalgia survey score (Est 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.46; P = 0.002). The finding was distinct from self-reported spread of CRPS symptoms, which was not different based on time since the inciting event.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the longer the patients have CRPS the more likely they are to report symptoms suggestive of centralized pain. These data may explain why some patients with a longer duration of CRPS do not respond to peripherally directed therapies.