Nonoperative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction: what is the break point?

Am J Surg. 2016 Dec;212(6):1214-1221. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.09.037. Epub 2016 Oct 3.

Abstract

Background: The current management paradigm for recurrent adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) is nonoperative. Rates of recurrence differ based on time interval between and number of previous occurrences. Optimal time to intervene has not been determined.

Methods: We constructed a Markov model to evaluate costs and quality of life on a hypothetical cohort of 40-year-old patients after their first episode of medical management for postoperative SBO. We estimated a relative risk reduction of .55 with surgical intervention and a relative risk increase of 2.1, 2.9, and 5.7 after the medical management of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th SBO.

Results: Surgery performed after earlier episodes of SBO was more costly but also more effective. The cost difference between surgery after the 1st SBO recurrence vs the 2nd SBO recurrence was $1,643, with an increase of .135 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $12,170 per QALY.

Conclusions: Surgery after the first episode of SBO provides a small increase in QALY at a small cost since surgical intervention lowers the risk of recurrence.

Keywords: Adhesions; Cost effectiveness; Quality-adjusted life years; Small bowel obstruction.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cohort Studies
  • Health Care Costs
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Obstruction / economics
  • Intestinal Obstruction / etiology
  • Intestinal Obstruction / therapy*
  • Intestine, Small*
  • Markov Chains
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Postoperative Complications / economics
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / therapy*
  • Quality of Life
  • Recurrence
  • Tissue Adhesions / economics
  • Tissue Adhesions / etiology
  • Tissue Adhesions / therapy*