Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among patients with HIV on-follow up at Alert Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Getachew Tesfaw; Getinet Ayano; Tadesse Awoke; Dawit Assefa; Zelalem Birhanu; Getenet Miheretie; Genet Abebe

doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1037-9

Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among patients with HIV on-follow up at Alert Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BMC Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 2;16(1):368. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-1037-9.

Authors

Getachew Tesfaw¹, Getinet Ayano², Tadesse Awoke³, Dawit Assefa², Zelalem Birhanu³, Getenet Miheretie⁴, Genet Abebe⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of psychiatry, Felege Hiwot Referral hospital, Bahirdar University, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. getachewtesfaw@gmail.com.
² Research and training department, Amanuel mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
³ Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
⁴ Department of psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
⁵ Department of non communicable diseases, Addis Ababa Health office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are common among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus than the non-infected individuals. The co-existence of these disorders are associated with barriers to treatment and worsening medical outcomes, including treatment resistance, increased risk for suicide, greater chance for recurrence and utilization of medical resources and/or increase morbidity and mortality. Therefore, assessing depression and anxiety among HIV patients has a pivotal role for further interventions.

Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at ALERT hospital May, 2015. Data were collected using a pretested, structured and standardized questionnaire. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. Odds ratio with 95 % CI was computed to assess the strength of associations.

Results: The prevalence of co-morbid depression and anxiety among HIV patients was 24.5 % and prevalence of depression and anxiety among HIV patients was 41.2 % (172) and 32.4 % (135) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that individual who had perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 3.60, 95 % CI (2.23, 5.80), poor social support (AOR = 2.02, 95 % CI (1.25, 3.27), HIV stage III (AOR = 2.80, 95 % CI (1.50, 5.21) and poor medication adherence (AOR = 1.61, 95 % CI (1.02, 2.55) were significantly associated with depression. Being female (AOR = 3.13, 95 % CI (1.80, 5.44), being divorced (AOR = 2.51, 95 % CI (1.26, 5.00), having co morbid TB (AOR = 2.74, 95 % CI (1.37, 5.47) and perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 4.00, 95 % CI (2.40, 6.69) were also significantly associated with anxiety.

Conclusion: Prevalence of depression and anxiety was high. Having perceived HIV stigma, HIV Stage III, poor social support and poor medication adherence were associated with depression. Whereas being female, being divorced and having co morbid TB and perceived HIV stigma were associated with anxiety. Ministry of health should give training on how to screen anxiety and depression among HIV patients and should develop guidelines to screen and treat depression and anxiety among HIV patients.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; HIV/AIDS.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Anxiety Disorders / epidemiology*
Anxiety Disorders / psychology
Comorbidity
Cross-Sectional Studies
Depressive Disorder / epidemiology*
Depressive Disorder / psychology
Ethiopia / epidemiology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
HIV Infections / epidemiology*
HIV Infections / psychology
Humans
Male
Medication Adherence / statistics & numerical data
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Social Stigma
Social Support
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult