Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy associated with vascular dysregulation and increased intra-ocular pressure (IOP). Timolol is used as treatment for reducing IOP, by limiting aqueous humour production. Increased NOS expression as well as decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and high activity of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were observed in primary open angle glaucoma patients.
Objective: This ex vivo study aims to evaluate timolol effect in NO efflux and its derivatives in glaucoma patient's erythrocytes.
Methods: Venous blood from 15 glaucoma patients was collected. Erythrocyte suspensions were incubated with the AChE modulators acetylcholine (ACh) and timolol at 10 μM. Erythrocyte NO efflux and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) concentration were measured.
Results: No significant differences were obtained in erythrocyte NO efflux and GSNO concentration in response to ACh or timolol when compared with the untreated erythrocytes of glaucoma patients. When comparing the same incubation conditions for erythrocyte suspensions between glaucoma patients and healthy subjects, those from glaucoma patients showed higher NO efflux in presence and absence of timolol, and higher values of GSNO in the presence of timolol.
Conclusions: We demonstrated that erythrocytes from glaucoma patients have similar availability to release NO both in absence and presence of timolol, and have higher GSNO values in presence of timolol.
Keywords: ACh; GSNO; Glaucoma; erythocyte; nitric oxide; timolol.