Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease: An Expert Consensus Document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography

J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017 Jan;30(1):1-27. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.08.022. Epub 2016 Nov 9.

Abstract

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has become important in the management of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly with pre-surgical planning, guidance of catheter intervention, and functional assessment of the heart. 3DE is increasingly used in children because of good acoustic windows and the non-invasive nature of the technique. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the optimal application of 3DE in CHD including technical considerations, image orientation, application to different lesions, procedural guidance, and functional assessment.

Keywords: ASE; Congenital heart disease; EACVI; Recommendation; Three-dimensional echocardiography.

MeSH terms

  • Cardiac Imaging Techniques / standards*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / standards*
  • Europe
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Expert Testimony
  • Female
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / diagnostic imaging*
  • Humans
  • Image Enhancement / standards*
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Pediatrics / standards
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic*
  • United States