Establishing systemic therapeutics for neuro-inflammatory diseases is a main objective of regenerative medicine, certainly focusing on restoration of BBB dysfunction and neurovascular reconstitution. In this context, the regenerative capacity and therapeutic effects of different stem cells have been recently found to bring hopeful outcomes through trans-differentiation, paracrine interactions, and molecular cross-talk of transplanted stem cells with resident cells of blood-brain barrier. Here, we highlight some of the most recent scientific breakthroughs and discoveries by different authorities. Potency of different types of stem cells on the regulation and maintenance of endothelial and perivascular cells via various microRNAs was also studied.
Keywords: Brain neurovascular unit; MicroRNAs; Paracrine behavior; Stem cell; Trans-differentiation.