A systematic review was conducted for all published case reports on drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP) in elderly (≥80 years) patients to study if the administration of the offending agent was reckless. Overall, 61 reports on drug-induced TdP in patients aged 80-97 years were included in the analysis. Non-modifiable risk factors for drug-induced TdP (e.g. acute coronary syndrome, female gender and congestive heart failure), modifiable risk factors (e.g. hypokalemia, severe hypomagnesemia and digitalis toxicity) and reckless administration of a QT interval-prolonging agent (e.g. despite a known QT interval prolongation or a history of TdP, together with other QT interval prolonging agents in higher than recommended doses) were recorded in each case. Overall, 54 (88.5%) patients had non-modifiable risk factors for drug-induced TdP and 21 (34.4%) patients had modifiable risk factors. The administration of the offending agent was reckless in one half (n = 31; 50.8%) of the patients. The most prevalent reckless administration of a QT interval-prolonging agent was together with other QT interval-prolonging agents (n = 16; 51.6%) or despite QT interval prolongation (n = 8; 25.8%). In conclusion, although risk factors for drug-induced TdP are prevalent in elderly patients with drug-induced TdP, in approximately 50% of patients it appeared following a reckless administration of a QT interval-prolonging agent. In this population physicians should particularly avoid administration of two or more QT interval-prolonging agents simultaneously or administration of a QT interval-prolonging agent despite QT interval prolongation.
Keywords: Drug-related side effects; Elderly; Long QT interval; Risk factors; Torsade de pointes.