Introduction: Erdheim-Chester disease and langerhans cell histiocytosis are two rare diseases separate on clinical, radiological and histological aspects. However, several cases involving both entities have been described.
Observation: A 70-year-old man had a central diabetes insipidus, xanthelasmas, retroperitoneal fibrosis and osteosclerosis of the legs suggestive of Erdheim-Chester disease. Bone biopsy showed langerhans cell histiocytosis CD1a positive with the presence of BRAF V600E mutation. The patient was treated with vemurafenib with a good clinical course.
Conclusion: The literature review finds forty observations linking the two diseases that may suggest a pathophysiological link, especially with the hematopoietic myeloid stem cell CD34+. The term inflammatory myeloid neoplasm was advanced.
Keywords: BRAF; Erdheim-Chester disease; Histiocytose langerhansienne; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; Maladie d’Erdheim-Chester; Vemurafenib.
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