Histopathological and radiological reporting in rectal cancer: concepts and controversies, facts and fantasies

Tech Coloproctol. 2017 Jan;21(1):15-23. doi: 10.1007/s10151-016-1555-y. Epub 2016 Dec 7.

Abstract

In rectal cancer patients, the stage of the disease, local spread and distant metastases status drive the treatment decisions to be made. Histopathology remains the gold standard, but preoperative staging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is pivotal for defining surgical planes and finding patients who could potentially benefit from preoperative regimes. Unfortunately, due to a lack of awareness, expertise and practise the quality of rectal cancer MRI and histopathology reporting varies among centres. This paper highlights the most important and frequently occurring radiological and histopathological discrepancies/mistakes to be aware of.

Keywords: Histopathological reporting; MRI staging; Rectal cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Polyps / diagnostic imaging*
  • Intestinal Polyps / pathology*
  • Lymph Nodes / diagnostic imaging
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Patient Care Planning
  • Preoperative Period
  • Rectal Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Rectal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Rectal Neoplasms / therapy
  • Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
  • Veins / diagnostic imaging
  • Veins / pathology