Catheter ablation of atrial ablation (AF) has become an important therapy in recent years. As with all evolving techniques, unexpected complication may occur. Atrioesophageal fistula is a very rare complication of AF catheter ablation. Described for the first time in two very experienced centers in 2004, this complication is the most dreadful and lethal among all the others related to AF catheter ablation. Its clinical presentation is extremely variable. Rapid diagnosis and surgical therapy may prevent death. This review article will summarize the risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and possible preventive strategies for this condition.
Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation; Catheter Ablation; Complications.