Abstract
Lymph leaks resulting in chylous pleural effusions can be life-threatening. Minimally invasive thoracic duct embolization and disruption have been gaining acceptance as first-line treatment for these leaks. This review discusses the techniques for both pedal and intranodal lymphangiography in detail. It also discusses the use of lymphangiography as a means of targeting a retroperitoneal lymphatic to facilitate thoracic duct interventions for chyle leaks. Finally, outcomes and adverse events pertaining to these thoracic duct interventions are discussed.
Keywords:
Chyle leak; Lymphatic embolization; Thoracic duct.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Chyle*
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Chylothorax / diagnostic imaging*
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Chylothorax / physiopathology
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Chylothorax / therapy*
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Contrast Media / administration & dosage
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Embolization, Therapeutic / adverse effects
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Embolization, Therapeutic / instrumentation
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Embolization, Therapeutic / methods*
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Equipment Design
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Humans
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Lymphography / adverse effects
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Lymphography / instrumentation
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Lymphography / methods*
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Pleural Effusion / diagnostic imaging*
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Pleural Effusion / physiopathology
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Pleural Effusion / surgery*
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Radiography, Interventional / adverse effects
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Radiography, Interventional / instrumentation
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Radiography, Interventional / methods*
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Risk Factors
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Thoracic Duct / diagnostic imaging*
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Thoracic Duct / physiopathology
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Treatment Outcome