Introduction: Transplantation of a cell-seeded graft may improve wound healing after radiotherapy. However, the survival of the seeded cells depends on a rapid vascularization of the graft. Co-culturing of adult stem cells may be a promising strategy to accelerate the vessel formation inside the graft. Thus, we compared the in vivo angiogenic potency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) using dorsal skinfold chambers and intravital microscopy.
Materials and methods: Cells were isolated from rat bone marrow and adipose tissue and characterized by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Forty-eight rats received a dorsal skinfold chamber and were divided into 2 main groups, irradiated and non-irradiated. Each of these 2 groups were further subdivided into 4 groups: unseeded matrices, matrices + fibroblasts + pericytes, matrices + fibroblasts + pericytes + MSCs and matrices + fibroblasts + pericytes + EPCs. Vessel densities were quantified semi-automatically using FIJI.
Results: Fibroblasts + pericytes - seeded matrices showed a significantly higher vascular density in all groups with an exception of non-irradiated rats at day 12 compared to unseeded matrices. Co-seeding of MSCs increased vessel densities in both, irradiated and non-irradiated groups. Co-seeding with EPCs did not result in an increase of vascularization in none of the groups.
Discussion: We demonstrated that the pre-radiation treatment led to a significant decreased vascularization of the implanted grafts. The augmentation of the matrices with fibroblasts and pericytes in co-culture increased the vascularization compared to the non-seeded matrices. A further significant enhancement of vessel ingrowth into the matrices could be achieved by the co-seeding with MSCs in both, irradiated and non-irradiated groups.
Keywords: Angiogenic potential adult stem cells; Graft vascularization; Human acellular dermis; In vivo vascularization.