Objective: Assess the risk of macular degeneration development in persons exposed in utero as a result of Chornobyl NPP accident.
Materials and methods: The object of the study was the state of the macular area of the retina of 84 individuals exposed in utero as a result of the Chornobyl disaster. They were surveyed at the age of 14-30. The results of stan dardized ophthalmic examinations conducted between 2000 and 2016 were used. The control group consisted of 165 persons who have not undergone prenatal exposure and were examined at the same age as the core group. All patients were examined according to the formalized ophthalmic protocol procedure, examination included ophthal moscopy and fundus camera photography (VISUCAM lite Digital Camera, Zeiss). Statistical analysis of the survey results was carried out using the free trial version of «Open Epi 2.2.1» software package.
Results: It is shown that the prevalence of macular degeneration of the retina at the age of 14-30 for persons exposed in utero was 95.23 ± 32.03 in 1000 and compared with control age (17.86 ± 10.31 in 1000) was significant ly higher (χ2 = 7.827, p = 0.0026).
Conclusions: In the under 30 age group of the antenatally exposed there already appear macular degenerations whose clinical picture resembles age related macular degeneration. It is proved that the prevalence of macular degeneration was significantly higher in the group of antenatally exposed as compared with non irradiated control at the same age.
Meta. Otsinyty ryzyk rozvytku makuliarnoï degeneratsiï u osib, oprominenykh vnutrishn'outrobno vnaslidok avariï na Chornobyl's'kiy̆ AES.Materialy i metody. Ob’iektom doslidzhennia buv stan makuliarnoï zony sitkivky 84 osib, oprominenykh vnutrishn' outrobno vnaslidok Chornobyl's'koï katastrofy, obstezhenykh u vitsi 14–30 rokiv. Vykorystano rezul'taty stan dartyzovanykh oftal'mologichnykh obstezhen', provedenykh z 2000 po 2016 rr. Kontrol'nu grupu sklaly 165 osib, iaki ne zaznaly vnutrishn'outrobnogo oprominennia i buly obstezheni v tomu zh vitsi, shcho y̆ osoby osnovnoï grupy. Vsi patsiienty buly obstezheni zgidno z formalizovanym oftal'mologichnym protokolom, protsedura obstezhennia vkliuchala oftal'moskopiiu i fotografuvannia na fundus kameri (ustanovka VISUKAM lite Digital Camera, Zeiss). Provodylas' statystychna obrobka rezul'tativ iz vykorystanniam probnoï vil'noï versiï paketu program «Open Epi 2.2.1».Rezul'taty. Pokazano, shcho poshyrenist' makuliarnoï degeneratsiï sitkivky u vitsi 14–30 rokiv dlia oprominenykh in utero osib stanovyla 95,23 ± 32,03 na 1000 i v porivnianni z vikovym kontrolem (17,86 ± 10,31 na 1000) bula dos tovirno vyshchoiu (χ2 = 7,827, r = 0,0026).Vysnovky. U vikoviy̆ grupi do 30 rokiv u oprominenykh antenatal'no osib z’iavliaiut'sia makuliarni degeneratsiï, iaki za klinichnoiu kartynoiu nagaduiut' vikovu makuliarnu degeneratsiiu. Dovedeno, shcho poshyrenist' makuliarnoï dege neratsiï dostovirno vyshcha v grupi osib, oprominenykh antenatal'no, v porivnianni z neoprominenym kontrolem togo zh viku.
Keywords: Chornobyl accident; age related macular degeneration; ionizing radiation; persons exposed in utero.
T. F. Babenko, P.A. Fedirko, R.Y. Dorichevska, N.V. Denysenko, L. A. Samoteikina, O. P. Tyshchenko.