Optimizing outcomes in ADHD treatment: from clinical targets to novel delivery systems

CNS Spectr. 2016 Dec;21(S1):45-59. doi: 10.1017/S1092852916000808.

Abstract

Our knowledge and understanding of the underlying neurobiology and symptomatic expression of ADHD has advanced dramatically over the past decade. Associated with these advances has been a similar explosion of new treatment options to individualize treatment for our patients. This article will: ∙ review strategies to measure ADHD symptoms and functional difficulties while seeking to achieve full symptomatic remission throughout the day ∙ summarize recent findings regarding the management and prioritization of ADHD and comorbid conditions and ∙ discuss the various pharmacologic treatment options with a focus on recently developed molecules and novel delivery systems.

Keywords: ADHD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; pharmacology; rating scales; review.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / therapeutic use*
  • Anxiety Disorders / epidemiology
  • Anxiety Disorders / therapy
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride / therapeutic use
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy*
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology
  • Bipolar Disorder / epidemiology
  • Bipolar Disorder / therapy
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / administration & dosage*
  • Clonidine / therapeutic use
  • Comorbidity
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • Depressive Disorder / epidemiology
  • Depressive Disorder / therapy
  • Dextroamphetamine / administration & dosage
  • Guanfacine / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Methylphenidate / administration & dosage

Substances

  • Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Delayed-Action Preparations
  • Methylphenidate
  • Guanfacine
  • Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
  • Clonidine
  • Dextroamphetamine