The first triboelectric-nanogenerator (TENG)-based self-powered implantable drug-delivery system is presented. Pumping flow rates from 5.3 to 40 µL min-1 under different rotating speeds of the TENG are realized. The implantable drug-delivery system can be powered with a TENG device rotated by human hand motion. Ex vivo trans-sclera drug delivery in porcine eyes is demonstrated by utilizing the biokinetic energies of human hands.
Keywords: biokinetic energy; electrochemical pressure pumping; implantable drug-delivery systems (iDDSs); self-powered; triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs).
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