The opioid epidemic and neonatal abstinence syndrome in the USA: a review of the continuum of care

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2017 Mar;102(2):F183-F187. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310045. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

Abstract

As the prescription opioid epidemic grew in the USA, its impact extended to pregnant women and their infants. This review summarises how increasing rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome resulted in a need to improve care to pregnant women and opioid-exposed infants. We discuss the variations in care delivery with particular emphasis on screening at-risk mothers, scoring systems for neonatal drug withdrawal, type and duration of pharmacotherapy, and discharge safety.

Keywords: Drug Withdrawal; Neonatology.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage*
  • Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects
  • Continuity of Patient Care
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / epidemiology*
  • Opiate Substitution Treatment / methods*
  • Opioid-Related Disorders / drug therapy
  • Opioid-Related Disorders / epidemiology*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications / drug therapy*
  • Pregnancy Complications / epidemiology
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid