Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance

doi:10.12942/lrr-2005-5

Review

. 2005;8(1):5.

doi: 10.12942/lrr-2005-5. Epub 2005 Sep 7.

Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance

David Mattingly¹

Affiliations

PMID: 28163649
PMCID: PMC5253993
DOI: 10.12942/lrr-2005-5

Review

Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance

David Mattingly. Living Rev Relativ. 2005.

. 2005;8(1):5.

doi: 10.12942/lrr-2005-5. Epub 2005 Sep 7.

Author

David Mattingly¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.

PMID: 28163649
PMCID: PMC5253993
DOI: 10.12942/lrr-2005-5

Abstract

Motivated by ideas about quantum gravity, a tremendous amount of effort over the past decade has gone into testing Lorentz invariance in various regimes. This review summarizes both the theoretical frameworks for tests of Lorentz invariance and experimental advances that have made new high precision tests possible. The current constraints on Lorentz violating effects from both terrestrial experiments and astrophysical observations are presented.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
*Elements involved in threshold constraints*.

**Figure 2**
*Total outgoing particle energy in symmetric and asymmetric configurations*.

**Figure 3**
*An example of an upper and lower threshold*. R *is the region spanned by all X*_k *and E*₁(p₁) *is the energy of the incoming particle. Where E*₁(p₁) *enters and leaves* R *are lower and upper thresholds, respectively*.

**Figure 4**
*Constraints on LV in QED at n* = 3 *on a log-log plot. For negative parameters minus the logarithm of the absolute value is plotted, and region of width* 10⁻¹⁰ *is excised around each axis. The constraints in solid lines apply to ξ and both η*_±, *and are symmetric about both the ξ and the η axis. At least one of the two pairs* (η_±,ξ) *must lie within the union of the dashed bell-shaped region and its reflection about the ξ axis. Intersecting lines are truncated where they cross*.

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References

1. Ackerstaff K, OPAL Collaboration et al. A study of B meson oscillations using hadronic Z0 decays containing leptons. Z. Phys. C. 1997;76:401–415. doi: 10.1007/s002880050564. - DOI
1. Adam, C., and Klinkhamer, F.R., “Comment on ‘Vacuum photon splitting in Lorentzviolating quantum electrodynamics”’, (2003). URL (cited on 08 June 2005): http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0312153. 6.4
1. Adam C, Klinkhamer FR. Photon decay in a CPT-violating extension of quantum electrodynamics. Nucl. Phys. B. 2003;657:214–228. doi: 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00143-3. - DOI
1. Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A, Beilicke M, Bernlöhr K, Börst H-G, Bojahr H, Bolz O, Coarasa T, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Denninghoff S, Fonseca MV, Girma M, Götting N, Heinzelmann G, Hermann G, Heusler A, Hofmann W, Horns D, Jung I, Kankanyan R, Kestel M, Kohnle A, Konopelko A, Kranich D, Lampeitl H, Lopez M, Lorenz E, Lucarelli F, Mang O, Mazin D, Meyer H, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Oña-Wilhelmi E, Panter M, Plyasheshnikov A, Pühlhofer G, de los Reyes R, Rhode W, Ripken J, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Samorski M, Schilling M, Siems M, Sobzynska D, Stamm W, Tluczykont M, Vitale V, Völk HJ, Wiedner CA, Wittek W. The Crab Nebula and Pulsar between 500-GeV and 80-TeV: Observations with the HEGRA Stereoscopic Air Cherenkov Telescopes. Astrophys. J. 2004;614:897–913. doi: 10.1086/423931. - DOI
1. Ahrens J, Bai X, Barwick SW, Becka T, Becker JK, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Binon F, Biron A, Boersma DJ, Böser S, Botner O, Bouchta A, Bouhali O, Burgess T, Carius S, Castermans T, Chen A, Chirkin D, Collin B, Conrad J, Cooley J, Cowen DF, Davour A, de Clercq C, Deyoung T, Desiati P, Dewulf JP, Ekström P, Feser T, Gaisser TK, Ganugapati R, Gaug M, Geenen H, Gerhardt L, Goldschmidt A, Groß A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hardtke R, Harenberg T, Hauschildt T, Helbing K, Hellwig M, Herquet P, Hill GC, Hubert D, Hughey B, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hundertmark S, Jacobsen J, Karle A, Kestel M, Köpke L, Kowalski M, Kuehn K, Lamoureux JI, Leich H, Leuthold M, Lindahl P, Liubarsky I, Madsen J, Mandli K, Marciniewski P, Matis HS, McParland CP, Messarius T, Minaeva Y, Miočinović P, Morse R, Münich K, Nahnhauer R, Neunhöffer T, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Ogelman H, Olbrechts P, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pohl AC, Porrata R, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richter S, Martino JR, Sander HG, Schinarakis K, Schlenstedt S, Schmidt T, Schneider D, Schwarz R, Silvestri A, Solarz M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Steele D, Steffen P, Stokstad RG, Sulanke KH, Taboada I, Thollander L, Tilav S, Wagner W, Walck C, Wang YR, Wiebusch CH, Wiedemann C, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Woschnagg K, Yodh G. Search for Extraterrestrial Point Sources of Neutrinos with AMANDA-II. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004;92:071102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.071102. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Ackerstaff K, OPAL Collaboration et al. A study of B meson oscillations using hadronic Z0 decays containing leptons. Z. Phys. C. 1997;76:401–415. doi: 10.1007/s002880050564. - DOI

[2] Ackerstaff K, OPAL Collaboration et al. A study of B meson oscillations using hadronic Z0 decays containing leptons. Z. Phys. C. 1997;76:401–415. doi: 10.1007/s002880050564. - DOI

[3] Adam, C., and Klinkhamer, F.R., “Comment on ‘Vacuum photon splitting in Lorentzviolating quantum electrodynamics”’, (2003). URL (cited on 08 June 2005): http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0312153. 6.4

[4] Adam, C., and Klinkhamer, F.R., “Comment on ‘Vacuum photon splitting in Lorentzviolating quantum electrodynamics”’, (2003). URL (cited on 08 June 2005): http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0312153. 6.4

[5] Adam C, Klinkhamer FR. Photon decay in a CPT-violating extension of quantum electrodynamics. Nucl. Phys. B. 2003;657:214–228. doi: 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00143-3. - DOI

[6] Adam C, Klinkhamer FR. Photon decay in a CPT-violating extension of quantum electrodynamics. Nucl. Phys. B. 2003;657:214–228. doi: 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00143-3. - DOI

[7] Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A, Beilicke M, Bernlöhr K, Börst H-G, Bojahr H, Bolz O, Coarasa T, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Denninghoff S, Fonseca MV, Girma M, Götting N, Heinzelmann G, Hermann G, Heusler A, Hofmann W, Horns D, Jung I, Kankanyan R, Kestel M, Kohnle A, Konopelko A, Kranich D, Lampeitl H, Lopez M, Lorenz E, Lucarelli F, Mang O, Mazin D, Meyer H, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Oña-Wilhelmi E, Panter M, Plyasheshnikov A, Pühlhofer G, de los Reyes R, Rhode W, Ripken J, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Samorski M, Schilling M, Siems M, Sobzynska D, Stamm W, Tluczykont M, Vitale V, Völk HJ, Wiedner CA, Wittek W. The Crab Nebula and Pulsar between 500-GeV and 80-TeV: Observations with the HEGRA Stereoscopic Air Cherenkov Telescopes. Astrophys. J. 2004;614:897–913. doi: 10.1086/423931. - DOI

[8] Aharonian F, Akhperjanian A, Beilicke M, Bernlöhr K, Börst H-G, Bojahr H, Bolz O, Coarasa T, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Denninghoff S, Fonseca MV, Girma M, Götting N, Heinzelmann G, Hermann G, Heusler A, Hofmann W, Horns D, Jung I, Kankanyan R, Kestel M, Kohnle A, Konopelko A, Kranich D, Lampeitl H, Lopez M, Lorenz E, Lucarelli F, Mang O, Mazin D, Meyer H, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Oña-Wilhelmi E, Panter M, Plyasheshnikov A, Pühlhofer G, de los Reyes R, Rhode W, Ripken J, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Samorski M, Schilling M, Siems M, Sobzynska D, Stamm W, Tluczykont M, Vitale V, Völk HJ, Wiedner CA, Wittek W. The Crab Nebula and Pulsar between 500-GeV and 80-TeV: Observations with the HEGRA Stereoscopic Air Cherenkov Telescopes. Astrophys. J. 2004;614:897–913. doi: 10.1086/423931. - DOI

[9] Ahrens J, Bai X, Barwick SW, Becka T, Becker JK, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Binon F, Biron A, Boersma DJ, Böser S, Botner O, Bouchta A, Bouhali O, Burgess T, Carius S, Castermans T, Chen A, Chirkin D, Collin B, Conrad J, Cooley J, Cowen DF, Davour A, de Clercq C, Deyoung T, Desiati P, Dewulf JP, Ekström P, Feser T, Gaisser TK, Ganugapati R, Gaug M, Geenen H, Gerhardt L, Goldschmidt A, Groß A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hardtke R, Harenberg T, Hauschildt T, Helbing K, Hellwig M, Herquet P, Hill GC, Hubert D, Hughey B, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hundertmark S, Jacobsen J, Karle A, Kestel M, Köpke L, Kowalski M, Kuehn K, Lamoureux JI, Leich H, Leuthold M, Lindahl P, Liubarsky I, Madsen J, Mandli K, Marciniewski P, Matis HS, McParland CP, Messarius T, Minaeva Y, Miočinović P, Morse R, Münich K, Nahnhauer R, Neunhöffer T, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Ogelman H, Olbrechts P, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pohl AC, Porrata R, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richter S, Martino JR, Sander HG, Schinarakis K, Schlenstedt S, Schmidt T, Schneider D, Schwarz R, Silvestri A, Solarz M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Steele D, Steffen P, Stokstad RG, Sulanke KH, Taboada I, Thollander L, Tilav S, Wagner W, Walck C, Wang YR, Wiebusch CH, Wiedemann C, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Woschnagg K, Yodh G. Search for Extraterrestrial Point Sources of Neutrinos with AMANDA-II. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004;92:071102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.071102. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Ahrens J, Bai X, Barwick SW, Becka T, Becker JK, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Binon F, Biron A, Boersma DJ, Böser S, Botner O, Bouchta A, Bouhali O, Burgess T, Carius S, Castermans T, Chen A, Chirkin D, Collin B, Conrad J, Cooley J, Cowen DF, Davour A, de Clercq C, Deyoung T, Desiati P, Dewulf JP, Ekström P, Feser T, Gaisser TK, Ganugapati R, Gaug M, Geenen H, Gerhardt L, Goldschmidt A, Groß A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hardtke R, Harenberg T, Hauschildt T, Helbing K, Hellwig M, Herquet P, Hill GC, Hubert D, Hughey B, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hundertmark S, Jacobsen J, Karle A, Kestel M, Köpke L, Kowalski M, Kuehn K, Lamoureux JI, Leich H, Leuthold M, Lindahl P, Liubarsky I, Madsen J, Mandli K, Marciniewski P, Matis HS, McParland CP, Messarius T, Minaeva Y, Miočinović P, Morse R, Münich K, Nahnhauer R, Neunhöffer T, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Ogelman H, Olbrechts P, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pohl AC, Porrata R, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Richter S, Martino JR, Sander HG, Schinarakis K, Schlenstedt S, Schmidt T, Schneider D, Schwarz R, Silvestri A, Solarz M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Steele D, Steffen P, Stokstad RG, Sulanke KH, Taboada I, Thollander L, Tilav S, Wagner W, Walck C, Wang YR, Wiebusch CH, Wiedemann C, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Woschnagg K, Yodh G. Search for Extraterrestrial Point Sources of Neutrinos with AMANDA-II. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004;92:071102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.071102. - DOI - PubMed

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Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance

Affiliation

Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance

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