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Meta-Analysis
. 2017 May 15;64(10):1328-1334.
doi: 10.1093/cid/cix127.

Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis

Sudhir Venkatesan  1 , Puja R Myles  1 , Jo Leonardi-Bee  1 , Stella G Muthuri  2 , Malak Al Masri  3 , Nick Andrews  4 , Carlos Bantar  5 , Gal Dubnov-Raz  6 , Patrick Gérardin  7   8   9 , Evelyn S C Koay  10   11 , Tze Ping Loh  10 , Ziad Memish  3   12 , Elizabeth Miller  4 , Maria E Oliva  5 , Barbara A Rath  13 , Brunhilde Schweiger  14 , Julian W Tang  10   15   16 , Dat Tran  17 , Tjasa Vidmar  18 , Pauline A Waight  4 , Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Impact of Outpatient Neuraminidase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Infected With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at High Risk of Hospitalization: An Individual Participant Data Metaanalysis

Sudhir Venkatesan et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: While evidence exists to support the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in reducing mortality when given to hospitalized patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the impact of outpatient treatment on hospitalization has not been clearly established. We investigated the impact of outpatient NAI treatment on subsequent hospitalization in patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection.

Methods: We assembled general community and outpatient data from 9 clinical centers in different countries collected between January 2009 and December 2010. We standardized data from each study center to create a pooled dataset and then used mixed-effects logistic regression modeling to determine the effect of NAI treatment on hospitalization. We adjusted for NAI treatment propensity and preadmission antibiotic use, including "study center" as a random intercept to account for differences in baseline hospitalization rate between centers.

Results: We included 3376 patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, of whom 3085 (91.4%) had laboratory-confirmed infection. Eight hundred seventy-three patients (25.8%) received outpatient or community-based NAI treatment, 928 of 2395 (38.8%) with available data had dyspnea or respiratory distress, and hospitalizations occurred in 1705 (50.5%). After adjustment for preadmission antibiotics and NAI treatment propensity, preadmission NAI treatment was associated with decreased odds of hospital admission compared to no NAI treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.30).

Conclusions: In a population with confirmed or suspected A(H1N1)pdm09 and at high risk of hospitalization, outpatient or community-based NAI treatment significantly reduced the likelihood of requiring hospital admission. These data suggest that community patients with severe influenza should receive NAI treatment.

Keywords: hospitalization; individual participant data metaanalyses; influenza; neuraminidase inhibitors; pandemic..

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study flow diagram. Abbreviation: NAI, neuraminidase inhibitor.
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