Cowie et al. present the results of the international, multicentre, randomised, parallel-group SERVE-HF (Treatment of sleep-disordered breathing with predominant central sleep apnea by adaptive servo ventilation in patients with heart failure) trial, which investigated the effects of adding adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) to guideline based medical management on survival and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure defined as reduced ejection fraction (<45%) and predominant central sleep apnoea (CSA).