Ferulic acid inhibits neuro-inflammation in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress

Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Apr:45:128-134. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.007. Epub 2017 Feb 14.

Abstract

Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that widely presents in plant cell wall components. It has been demonstrated that ferulic acid can attenuate depressive-like behaviors in both forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Considering that depression is an inflammatory related mental disease, our present study was aimed to investigate the role of ferulic acid in the regulation of microglia activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Our results firstly showed that decreased sucrose preference and increased immobility time were completely reversed by administration with ferulic acid and fluoxetine for four weeks. Then, we found that CUMS significantly caused interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) up-regulation, microglia, NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the prefrontal cortex. On the contrary, these activated inflammatory response induced by CUMS were reversed by ferulic acid and fluoxetine as well, suggesting that anti-inflammatory related mechanism was involved in the antidepressant-like effects of ferulic acid in stressed mice.

Keywords: Chronic unpredictable mild stress; Depression; Ferulic acid; NF-κB; Pro-inflammatory cytokine.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Antidepressive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Coumaric Acids / therapeutic use*
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Depression / drug therapy*
  • Fluoxetine / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred ICR
  • Microglia / drug effects*
  • Microglia / immunology
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / metabolism
  • Neurogenic Inflammation / drug therapy*
  • Stress, Psychological / drug therapy*

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Antidepressive Agents
  • Coumaric Acids
  • Cytokines
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • NF-kappa B
  • NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
  • Nlrp3 protein, mouse
  • Fluoxetine
  • ferulic acid