Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin

Immunol Lett. 2017 Apr:184:76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests a close bidirectional communication and regulation between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) can exert responses in various immune cells, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, affecting several inflammation-related processes (such as, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytokines production). The interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Under these conditions, TH therapy could contribute to restoring normal physiological functions. Here we discuss the effects of THs and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the immune system and the contribution to inflammation and pathogen clearance, as well as the consequences of thyroid pathologies over the function of the immune system.

Keywords: Immunity; Inflammation; TSH; Thyroid hormones.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autoimmunity
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immune System / cytology*
  • Immune System / drug effects
  • Immune System / physiology*
  • Inflammation / etiology
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Neuroimmunomodulation
  • Signal Transduction
  • Thyroid Hormones / metabolism*
  • Thyroid Hormones / pharmacology
  • Thyrotropin / metabolism*
  • Thyrotropin / pharmacology

Substances

  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Thyrotropin