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. 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):46-50.
doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.199776.

Cytotoxicity Studies of the Extracts, Fractions, and Isolated Compound of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on Cervical Cancer (HeLa), Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Skeletal Muscle Cancer (RD) Cells

Affiliations

Cytotoxicity Studies of the Extracts, Fractions, and Isolated Compound of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on Cervical Cancer (HeLa), Breast Cancer (MCF-7) and Skeletal Muscle Cancer (RD) Cells

Taiwo O Elufioye et al. Pharmacognosy Res. 2017 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Background: This study determined the cytotoxic effects of root and stem bark extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds derived from Pseudocedrela kotschyi on HeLa, MCF-7, and RD cells.

Materials and methods: The cytotoxic activity was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay against three cell lines (RD, HeLa, and MCF 7) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1000 μg/mL. Isolation of crude saponin was done from the most active ethyl acetate fraction and further purified using vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatographic techniques.

Results: The cytotoxicity assay revealed that the methanol extract from the root bark and the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark exhibited marked anticancer activity with IC50 of 87.36 μg/ml and 21.53 μg/ml, respectively, on HeLa cancer cell line and 101.51 μg/mL and 38.46 μg/mL, respectively, on RD cell line. These values are comparable with that obtained from vinblastine and methotrexate used as standard drugs (IC50 values of 0.01 μg/mL and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively). The isolated crude saponins also gave IC50 values of 5.28 μg/mL and 81.52 μg/mL against the RD cell lines and IC50values of 1.05 μg/mL and 86.8 μg/mL for the MCF 7 cancer cell lines. PTLC led to the isolation of a compound from the crude saponin which was identified as 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data.

Conclusions: P. kotschyi could be considered as a potential source of chemotherapeutic agent. However, further research to determine the exact mechanism of action needs to be carried out.

Summary: Pseudocedrela kotschyi methanol extract from the root bark and the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark exhibited marked anticancer activity on HeLa, MCF-7, and RD cell lines7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin isolated as a white crystalline substance from the most active ethyl acetate fraction contributed to the observed activity. Abbreviations Used: MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; VLC: Vacuum liquid chromatography; PTLC: Preparative thin layer chromatographic; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; FHI: Forest Herbarium Ibadan; DMSO: Dimethylsuphoxide; SEM: Standard error of mean.

Keywords: 3-(4; 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2; 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin; Cytotoxicity; HeLa; MCF-7; Pseudocedrela kotschyi; RD.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cytotoxicity activity of methanol extract and fractions of the stem and root bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi against HeLa cell lines. CS: Crude stem; CR: Crude root; SH: Hexane stem; RH: Root hexane; SE: Ethyl acetate stem; RE: Ethyl acetate root; RM: Methanol root; SM: Methanol stem; MTX: Methotrexate; VIN: Vinblastine
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytotoxicity activity of methanol extract and fractions of the stem and root bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi against RD cell line. CS: Crude stem; CR: Crude root; SH: Hexane stem; RH: Root hexane; SE: Ethyl acetate stem; RE: Ethyl acetate root; RM: Methanol root; SM: Methanol stem; MTX: Methotrexate; VIN: Vinblastine
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cytotoxicity effect of the isolated crude saponins from the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem and methanol root bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on MCF - 7 cell lines. MTX: Methotrexate; VIN: Vinblastine; ESS: Ethyl acetate fraction saponin; CRS: Methanolic extract saponin (root)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cytotoxicity effect of the isolated crude saponins from the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem and methanol root bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi on RD cell line. MTX: Methotrexate; VIN: Vinblastine; ESS: Ethyl acetate fraction; CRS: Methanolic extract saponin (root)
None
Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye

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