Determinants of curvature constant (W') of the power duration relationship under normoxia and hypoxia: the effect of pre-exercise alkalosis

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of induced alkalosis on the curvature constant (W') of the power-duration relationship under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Methods: Eleven trained cyclists (mean ± SD) Age: 32 ± 7.2 years; body mass (bm): 77.0 ± 9.2 kg; VO_2peak: 59.2 ± 6.8 ml·kg^-1·min^-1 completed seven laboratory visits which involved the determination of individual time to peak alkalosis following sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) ingestion, an environment specific ramp test (e.g. normoxia and hypoxia) and four x 3 min critical power (CP) tests under different experimental conditions. Participants completed four trials: alkalosis normoxia (ALN); placebo normoxia (PLN); alkalosis hypoxia (ALH); and placebo hypoxia (PLH). Pre-exercise administration of 0.3 g.kg^-1 BM of NaHCO₃ was used to induce alkalosis. Environmental conditions were set at either normobaric hypoxia (FiO₂: 14.5%) or normoxia (FiO₂: 20.93%).

Results: An increase in W' was observed with pre-exercise alkalosis under both normoxic (PLN: 15.1 ± 6.2 kJ vs. ALN: 17.4 ± 5.1 kJ; P = 0.006) and hypoxic conditions (ALN: 15.2 ± 4.9 kJ vs. ALN: 17.9 ± 5.2 kJ; P < 0.001). Pre-exercise alkalosis resulted in a larger reduction in bicarbonate ion (HCO₃^-) concentrations during exercise in both environmental conditions (p < 0.001) and a greater blood lactate accumulation under hypoxia (P = 0.012).

Conclusion: Pre-exercise alkalosis substantially increased W' and, therefore, may determine tolerance to exercise above CP under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This may be due to NaHCO₃ increasing HCO₃^- buffering capacity to delay exercise-induced acidosis, which may, therefore, enhance anaerobic energy contribution.

Keywords: Altitude; Critical power; Severe intensity domain; Sodium bicarbonate.