State-Level Progress in Reducing the Black-White Infant Mortality Gap, United States, 1999-2013

Am J Public Health. 2017 May;107(5):775-782. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303689. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess state-level progress on eliminating racial disparities in infant mortality.

Methods: Using linked infant birth-death files from 1999 to 2013, we calculated state-level 3-year rolling average infant mortality rates (IMRs) and Black-White IMR ratios. We also calculated percentage improvement and a projected year for achieving equality if current trend lines are sustained.

Results: We found substantial state-level variation in Black IMRs (range = 6.6-13.8) and Black-White rate ratios (1.5-2.7), and also in percentage relative improvement in IMR (range = 2.7% to 36.5% improvement) and in Black-White rate ratios (from 11.7% relative worsening to 24.0% improvement). Thirteen states achieved statistically significant reductions in Black-White IMR disparities. Eliminating the Black-White IMR gap would have saved 64 876 babies during these 15 years. Eighteen states would achieve IMR racial equality by the year 2050 if current trends are sustained.

Conclusions: States are achieving varying levels of progress in reducing Black infant mortality and Black-White IMR disparities. Public Health Implications. Racial equality in infant survival is achievable, but will require shifting our focus to determinants of progress and strategies for success.

MeSH terms

  • Black People / statistics & numerical data*
  • Black or African American
  • Cause of Death
  • Female
  • Health Status Disparities
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant Mortality / trends*
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • United States / epidemiology
  • White People / statistics & numerical data*