Efficacy of a mouthrinse based on hydroxyapatite to reduce initial bacterial colonisation in situ

Abstract

Objective: The present in situ - investigation aimed to specify the impact of pure hydroxyapatite microclusters on initial bioadhesion and bacterial colonization at the tooth surface.

Design: Pellicle formation was carried out in situ on bovine enamel slabs (9 subjects). After 1min of pellicle formation rinses with 8ml of hydroxyapatite (HA) microclusters (5%) in bidestilled water or chlorhexidine 0.2% were performed. As negative control no rinse was adopted. In situ biofilm formation was promoted by the intraoral slab exposure for 8h overnight. Afterwards initial bacterial adhesion was quantified by DAPI staining and bacterial viability was determined in vivo/in vitro by live/dead-staining (BacLight). SEM analysis evaluated the efficacy of the mouthrinse to accumulate hydroxyapatite microclusters at the specimens' surface and spit-out samples of the testsolution were investigated by TEM.

Results: Compared to the control (2.36×10⁶±2.01×10⁶bacteria/cm²), significantly reduced amounts of adherent bacteria were detected on specimens rinsed with chlorhexidine 0.2% (8.73×10⁴±1.37×10⁵bacteria/cm²) and likewise after rinses with the hydroxyapatite testsolution (2.08×10⁵±2.85×10⁵bacteria/cm², p<0.001). No demonstrable effect of HA-particles on Streptococcus mutans viability could be shown. SEM analysis confirmed the temporary adsorption of hydroxyapatite microclusters at the tooth surface. Adhesive interactions of HA-particles with oral bacteria were shown by TEM.

Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite microclusters reduced initial bacterial adhesion to enamel in situ considerably and could therefore sensibly supplement current approaches in dental prophylaxis.

Keywords: Bacteria; Bioadhesion; Hydroxyapatite; Pellicle.