Laboratory and clinical predictors of 30-day survival for patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): 8-Year experience at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center

J Crit Care. 2017 Aug:40:136-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.03.027. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Abstract

Purpose: Survival of patients on ECMO has remained stable in every population. Laboratory values predictors of survival are required to improve patient care.

Materials and methods: Clinical Looking Glass software was used to assess Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of patients at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center (2007-2014).

Results: Our population comprises of 166 adults and was divided in survivors and non-survivors, within 30days. Indications for ECMO were cardiac (65%), respiratory (25%) and infectious diseases (<10%). Eighty six patients (51.8%) survived the procedure. Gender, body weight, ejection fraction, diastolic blood pressure, and socio-economic status did not differ among survivors and non-survivors. In contrast, younger patients (45yo vs 55yo, p=0.0001) and higher systolic blood pressure (115mmHg vs 103mmHg, p=0.025) have favorable outcome. Univariate analysis shows that pre-cannulation values for creatinine (p=0.0003), chloride (p=0.009), bicarbonate (p=0.015) and pH (p=0.03) have prognostic value. Post-cannulation aPTT, pH, platelet and lymphocyte counts also have discriminative power. Notably, multiple logistic regressions for Multivariate Analysis identified chloride (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.13; p=0.004), pH (OR 3.35; 95% CI 1.89-5.9; p<0.0001) and aPTT (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.976-0.998; p=0.024) as independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. These results imply that pre-existing renal conditions and hemostatic dysregulation contribute to poor outcome. Finally, patients on VV-ECMO have increase odds of survival (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.06-3.34; p=0.029).

Conclusions: Laboratory markers identified herein may guide the management of patients on ECMO.

Keywords: ECMO; Epidemiology; Retrospective study; Risk factors; Venous, arterial.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / metabolism*
  • Creatinine / metabolism
  • Critical Illness / therapy
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / methods
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / mortality*
  • Female
  • Heart Diseases / mortality
  • Heart Diseases / therapy
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Infections / mortality
  • Infections / therapy
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Prognosis
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / mortality
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Creatinine