Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement

doi:10.5664/jcsm.6558

Guideline

. 2017 Apr 15;13(4):623-625.

doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6558.

Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement

Affiliations

¹ University of Washington Medicine Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
² Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health System, North Hills, California and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
³ Methodist Healthcare Sleep Disorders Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
⁴ Saint Thomas Medical Partners - Sleep Specialists, Nashville, Tennessee.
⁵ Carolinas Healthcare Medical Group Sleep Services, Charlotte, North Carolina.
⁶ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
⁷ SLUCare Sleep Disorders Center.
⁸ Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.
⁹ Division of Pulmonary/Sleep/Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
¹⁰ Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
¹¹ Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
¹² College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
¹³ University of Michigan Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

PMID: 28416043
PMCID: PMC5359340
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6558

Guideline

Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement

Nathaniel F Watson et al. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017.

. 2017 Apr 15;13(4):623-625.

doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6558.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University of Washington Medicine Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
² Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health System, North Hills, California and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
³ Methodist Healthcare Sleep Disorders Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
⁴ Saint Thomas Medical Partners - Sleep Specialists, Nashville, Tennessee.
⁵ Carolinas Healthcare Medical Group Sleep Services, Charlotte, North Carolina.
⁶ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
⁷ SLUCare Sleep Disorders Center.
⁸ Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.
⁹ Division of Pulmonary/Sleep/Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
¹⁰ Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
¹¹ Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
¹² College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
¹³ University of Michigan Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

PMID: 28416043
PMCID: PMC5359340
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6558

Abstract

During adolescence, internal circadian rhythms and biological sleep drive change to result in later sleep and wake times. As a result of these changes, early middle school and high school start times curtail sleep, hamper a student's preparedness to learn, negatively impact physical and mental health, and impair driving safety. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence shows that delaying school start times positively impacts student achievement, health, and safety. Public awareness of the hazards of early school start times and the benefits of later start times are largely unappreciated. As a result, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine is calling on communities, school boards, and educational institutions to implement start times of 8:30 AM or later for middle schools and high schools to ensure that every student arrives at school healthy, awake, alert, and ready to learn.

Keywords: health; high school; middle school; performance; student.

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References

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1. Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Med. 2007;8(6):602–612. - PubMed
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[1] Jenni OG, Achermann P, Carskadon MA. Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep. 2005;28(11):1446–1454. - PubMed

[2] Jenni OG, Achermann P, Carskadon MA. Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep. 2005;28(11):1446–1454. - PubMed

[3] Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Med. 2007;8(6):602–612. - PubMed

[4] Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Med. 2007;8(6):602–612. - PubMed

[5] Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(6):785–786. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(6):785–786. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Frey S, Balu S, Greusing S, Rothen N, Cajochen C. Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5217. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Frey S, Balu S, Greusing S, Rothen N, Cajochen C. Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5217. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Seifer R. Extended nights, sleep loss, and recovery sleep in adolescents. Arch Ital Biol. 2001;139(3):301–312. - PubMed

[10] Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Seifer R. Extended nights, sleep loss, and recovery sleep in adolescents. Arch Ital Biol. 2001;139(3):301–312. - PubMed

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Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement

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Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement

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