Method for sampling and analysis of volatile biomarkers in process gas from aerobic digestion of poultry carcasses using time-weighted average SPME and GC-MS

Jacek A Koziel; Lam T Nguyen; Thomas D Glanville; Heekwon Ahn; Timothy S Frana; J Hans van Leeuwen

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.062

Method for sampling and analysis of volatile biomarkers in process gas from aerobic digestion of poultry carcasses using time-weighted average SPME and GC-MS

Food Chem. 2017 Oct 1:232:799-807. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.062. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Authors

Jacek A Koziel¹, Lam T Nguyen², Thomas D Glanville², Heekwon Ahn³, Timothy S Frana⁴, J Hans van Leeuwen⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Electronic address: koziel@iastate.edu.
² Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
³ Department of Animal Biosystems Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
⁵ Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

PMID: 28490143
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.062

Abstract

A passive sampling method, using retracted solid-phase microextraction (SPME) - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and time-weighted averaging, was developed and validated for tracking marker volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during aerobic digestion of biohazardous animal tissue. The retracted SPME configuration protects the fragile fiber from buffeting by the process gas stream, and it requires less equipment and is potentially more biosecure than conventional active sampling methods. VOC concentrations predicted via a model based on Fick's first law of diffusion were within 6.6-12.3% of experimentally controlled values after accounting for VOC adsorption to the SPME fiber housing. Method detection limits for five marker VOCs ranged from 0.70 to 8.44ppbv and were statistically equivalent (p>0.05) to those for active sorbent-tube-based sampling. The sampling time of 30min and fiber retraction of 5mm were found to be optimal for the tissue digestion process.

Keywords: Aerobic digestion; Animal mortalities; Biomarkers; Dimethyl disulfide (PubChem CID: 12232); Dimethyl trisulfide (PubChem CID: 19310); Gas; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Phenol (PubChem CID: 996); Process monitoring; Pyrimidine (PubChem CID: 9260); Solid-phase microextraction; Volatile organic compounds; p-Cresol (PubChem CID: 2879).

MeSH terms

Animals
Biomarkers / analysis*
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Poultry*
Solid Phase Microextraction
Volatile Organic Compounds

Substances

Biomarkers
Volatile Organic Compounds