Melphalan is widely used in the chemotherapeutic treatment of an ovarian cancer. Bone marrow depression, nail change, hypersensitivity, chronic pulmonary fibrosis, and nausea and vomiting, are the side effects reported as a result of the toxicity of Melphalan. So far as we know, renal toxicity caused by Melphalan has not been reported in the past literature. A case of acute renal failure induced by Melphalan in a patient with 3rd stage ovarian cancer is presented in this paper. This therefore is the first report of renal toxicity caused by Melphalan.